Reporting Guide

What Is a PRISMA Flow Diagram?

The PRISMA flow diagram is the visual summary of how records moved through identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. It shows where studies were removed and why.

What the Diagram Is For

Review readers need to know how many records were found, how many were removed as duplicates, how many were excluded at title/abstract screening, and how many studies made it into the final review. The diagram makes those decisions transparent.

Identify

Where records came from

Screen

How many titles and abstracts were reviewed

Assess

Which full texts were excluded and why

Include

How many studies remained

Counts You Need Before You Build It

Records identified

Total database records, register records, and any extra records from citation chasing or manual searching.

Duplicates removed

How many records were removed before screening because they represented the same study more than once.

Records screened and excluded

How many titles and abstracts were reviewed, and how many were excluded at that stage.

Full-text reports excluded

The count of full texts excluded plus the specific reasons you report in the figure or caption.

Common Reporting Mistakes

Mixing records and studies: one is a search result, the other is an included study. Keep them separate.
Skipping reasons for full-text exclusions: PRISMA expects those reasons to be explicit.
Reconstructing counts at the end: if you do not track numbers during screening, the diagram becomes guesswork.

Fastest Way to Build One

If you already know your counts, use Lumina's free PRISMA diagram tool to generate a publication-ready diagram without sign-up.

Open Free PRISMA Tool