Reporting Standards

PRISMA 2020 Checklist

Everything you need to know about the PRISMA 2020 statement — the gold standard for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

What Is PRISMA?

PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) is a minimum set of items that should be reported when publishing a systematic review. The 2020 update replaced the original 2009 version with significant improvements.

27

Checklist items

7

Sections covered

2020

Latest version

What Changed in PRISMA 2020?

+

Automation tools: New item requiring authors to describe any automation tools (AI, text mining) used during the review

+

Updated flow diagram: Separate sections for identification (databases vs. registers vs. other sources), with explicit reporting of automation

+

Protocol registration: Stronger emphasis on registering protocols

+

Certainty assessment: New item for GRADE or similar certainty assessments of evidence

The 27-Item Checklist (Summarized)

Title

#1

Identify the report as a systematic review, meta-analysis, or both in the title

Abstract

#2

Provide a structured summary including background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions

Methods (Items 3–17)

#3-4

Eligibility criteria: Specify inclusion/exclusion criteria and how studies were grouped

#5-6

Information sources & search strategy: Databases searched, date of search, full search strategy

#7-8

Selection process: Describe screening (single/dual), and any automation tools used

#9-13

Data collection & synthesis: Extraction process, effect measures, synthesis methods, meta-analysis details

#14-17

Bias & certainty: Risk of bias assessment, sensitivity analyses, reporting bias, certainty of evidence

Results (Items 18–23)

#18

Study selection: Report results of search and screening with a PRISMA flow diagram

#19-23

Findings: Study characteristics, risk of bias results, individual study results, synthesis results, reporting bias assessment

Discussion & Other Info (Items 24–27)

#24-25

Discussion of limitations, implications, and interpretation of results

#26-27

Registration/protocol info, competing interests, funding

The PRISMA Flow Diagram

The flow diagram is one of the most recognizable parts of a systematic review. It visually shows how many papers were found, screened, excluded (with reasons), and included at each stage.

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Reporting AI-Assisted Screening in PRISMA

PRISMA 2020 explicitly accommodates AI tools. Under Item #8 (Selection process), report:

  • 1. Name and version of the tool (e.g., "Lumina v2.0")
  • 2. How the tool was used (e.g., "active learning to prioritize papers by relevance")
  • 3. Stopping criteria applied (e.g., "consecutive irrelevant rule with threshold 100")
  • 4. Percentage of records actually screened
  • 5. Any human validation performed

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